Solar still is widely used in solar desalination processes. Design of solar still using phase changing material as a storage medium kantesh. Various designs of solar stills and systems ranging from the minimal to hitech design have been attempted in the past. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar. Solar stills are being used in countries where potable water is not readily available. Chapter 8 sixinch column still plans threeinch column still plans bill of materials. These types of stills have only one layer of glazing over the water surface, thus a lot of heat energy becomes wasted through latent heat of condensation in the form of conduction through the glazing. Test and optimize the modular design of the solar still 2. The design is based on eliodomestico solar water still. Condensed water vapour trickles down into the trough and from there it is collected in the storage container as distilled water. New innovation of low cost solar still european center of. Stabilize operations to minimize operator attention required 3.
Passive solar stills utilize the internal heat from the still for the evaporation process, while active stills make use of external sources, such as solar collectors or waste heat from industries. To really demonstrate how a solar still can be used to clean and purify drinking water, we decided to use water from our pond. The effectiveness of passive solar still mostly depends on the solar radiation received, and thus. Solar photovoltaic pv systems an overview figure 1. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. The inner and outer circular tubes are positioned with a 5 mm gap for the flowing water and air to cool the outer surface of the inner tube. In conclusion, the illustrated design degrades quickly, scales poorly, and has grave, longterm environmental consequences. The solarstill process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification.
Low cost wshape solar still low cost wshape solar still frame was design and fabricated at the central workshop of the college of agricultural engineering and technology caet, dapoli. The technology is simple in design and use and is discribed by simple pictograms. A piece of glass is placed across the top of the contaminated water trough, angling directly down into the empty water trough. Internal surfaces of the walls of the conventional solar. A cpc concentric tubular solar still design with a rectangular absorber is presented as shown in figures 11, 12, and 14 and the specification shown in table 1. C abstract the only nearly inexhaustible sources of water are the oceans, which is of high salinity. From the observations, the compound parabolic concentratorassisted tubular solar still shows the maximum yield. The purpose of this project is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly any source, a system that is relatively cheap. This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny afternoon. Sustainable agriculture irrigation system using a novel.
Some redwood boards, a large black towel, copper pipe, a glass pane, screws, and these plans are all you need to make a solar still that will purify more than a gallon a day of salt water. Singleeffect solar still is the original solar still construction. A basic solar still typically consists of two water troughs one water trough is filled with contaminated water and the other is kept empty to collect purified water. In particular, recent progress combining interfacial solar heating and vaporization enthalpy recycling through a capillaryfed multistage architecture, known as the thermallylocalized multistage solar still tmss, significantly improves the performance of passive solar. A modified single slope solar still was designed, fabricated and. Modification and operation of a full solar distillation.
As sunlight warms the black silicone bottom and heat is transferred to the water, the top of the water evaporates on to the inside of the glass cover, which is tilted toward the fresh water drain. There are different types of survival solar stills or vapor stills. Pdf design and analysis of solar still researchgate. Many investigators improved the performance of solar still by varying the design of its components. Design and implementation of solar still distillation international. Wick type, w shape and l shape of solar stills were designed on the basis. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at. How to build a solarpowered still to purify drinking. Make your own distilled water from stream or lake water, salt water, or even brackish, dirty water, using these diy solar still plans. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. Solar powered water distillation device design team stephen coffrin, eric frasch mike santorella, mikio yanagisawa design advisor prof. Conventional solar still owns poor efficiency and low distillate output.
One of the strengths of aluminum extrusion frame components is the ease with which they can be adapted to different size. Behind the scenes testing and design process starting in tanzania and finishing up at carleton university, canada. Improving the performance of solar stills using sun tracking. Thats why a solar sea water still could be suitable for infrequent, individual use, but would be unsuitable for longterm provision of water to the public. Design and fabrication of a single slope solar still with. Details of design calculations for even type solar still. Computeraided design, modeling and simulation of a new. Design techniques passive solar design integrates a combination. Design and performance analysis of a modified vacuum. As stated before, modifications are incorporated to increase the output. Mohammed taslim abstract solar distillation is an often overlooked method for providing potable water to coastal, poverty stricken nations with abundant amounts of solar energy available. Pankaj and agrawal 2012 concluded that the black lined solar still operates at higher temperatures as compared to white lined still and since the. Design of solar still using phase changing material as a.
How to build a solar still renewable energy mother. As the results, in the sunny weather conditions in beijing in the autumn, the daily water production of the tubular solar still is about 2. Pdf improved design of a double effect solar still. The film is approved for potable water use by the national sanitation foundation and the fda, and is specially formulated to resist damage from being exposed to the suns ultraviolet rays. To enhance the productivity of the single basin solar still many research works is being carried out up till now. The actual solar energy utilization efficiency can be as high as 22%. However, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. We made a very simpler version of a solar still with a glass bowl, a small glass jar and plastic wrap. With solar energy as the source to power our plant.
Low cost wshape solar still frame was design and fabricated at the central. You cant see it well in the picture, but the white line at the back of the still is a door, which flips down to allow the water pans to be placed inside it. Pdf in this communication, an attempt has been made to find out the effect of water capacity on internal and external heat transfer for a solar. The present study aims at describing the design speci. They all basically use the same principle, but have different shapes and ways of catching the liquid. After summarising the history of solar cells in chapter. For doublebasin singleslope solar still, still with reflectors, flat plate collector and the mini solar pond is the finest design with productivity improvement of 127. To improve the manufacturability and affordability of this solar still system, most of the components in this solar still system can be molded and produced on a larger scale. Jeremy 2011 concluded that both computeraided modelingsimulation and prototype testing show the reliable function of this solar still system design. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1.
The distilled water from a solar still has excellent taste when compared with commercially distilled water since. Particulars symbol design parameter of solar still 1 solar declination angle. Start by pouring an inch or two of water into your large plastic bucket. The different pv technologies are discussed in part iii. But the productivity of the solar still is very low. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Solar still type and yield still type yield lm2day angle 24.
Passive solar design can reduce heating and cooling energy bills, increase spatial vitality, and improve comfort. Brackish water, or organic matter is carefully placed inside solar still via an inlet near the base of the still. These various design modifications can be broadly classified in two groups. S applications berkads are a simple water supply option that is extensively used in somalia since the 1950. Solar still efficiency n is the amount of energy utilized in vaporizing water in the still over the amount of incident solar energy on the still q t in jm2 day.
To make a solar still of this type, youll need to make a box out of plywood. With just a few basic building materials, a sheet of glass. Figure phase ii operations of the modular solar stills at bgndrf had several key goals. Pdf experimental study on various solar still designs. In bangladesh, average insolation level is pretty high from 4 to 5 kwhday around the year, which ensures the potential of solar power harvesting for solar still nasa 2015. Fabricated solar still a blackened tray is placed at the base of the solar still which acts as a black body to absorb the incident heat. Improved solar still for water purification journal of sustainable. Ive posted here about the square foot solar cooker, and here is another of the many uses for it. To design this solar still, the solar basin is made from thermal plastic that can significantly reduce the manufacturing cost. Solar still is basic concept of purifying the water from impure water, in our planet solar energy is a best form of renewable energy, that utilization. There are two main types of solar power systems, namely, solar thermal systems that trap heat to warm up.
Passive vapor generation systems with interfacial solar heat localization enable highefficiency lowcost desalination. An adjustable frame design gives your solar panel vendor selection flexibility as well as design adaptability. Inherently flexible passive solar design principles typically accrue energy benefits with low maintenance risks over the life of the building. Chapter 7 how the distillation process works packed column perforated plate bubble cap plate solar stills the reasoning behind mothers still design still operation making your first run economizing your alcohol production. There are many designs of solar distillation systems but the mostwidely used one is the conventional still. Engineering, haifa, israel the operation of present solar stills is based on evaporation from the free surface of a pool of salt water and condensation on a tilted cold glass surface.
286 1217 374 49 957 1022 791 1485 1192 720 908 1221 1130 1371 16 619 847 437 16 1293 314 1384 1157 647 1379 697 502 1290 898 140 1008 22 455 1044 412 1171 75 596 318